@agendajs/postgres-backend

PostgreSQL backend for Agenda job scheduler with LISTEN/NOTIFY support for real-time job processing.

Features

• Full PostgreSQL storage backend for Agenda jobs
• Real-time job notifications using PostgreSQL LISTEN/NOTIFY
• Automatic schema creation with optimized indexes
• Connection pooling via pg library
• TypeScript support with full type definitions

Installation

npm install @agendajs/postgres-backend
# or
pnpm add @agendajs/postgres-backend
# or
yarn add @agendajs/postgres-backend

Usage

Basic Usage

import { Agenda } from 'agenda';
import { PostgresBackend } from '@agendajs/postgres-backend';

// Create agenda with PostgreSQL backend
const agenda = new Agenda({
  backend: new PostgresBackend({
    connectionString: 'postgresql://user:pass@localhost:5432/mydb'
  })
});

// Define jobs
agenda.define('send-email', async (job) => {
  const { to, subject, body } = job.attrs.data;
  await sendEmail(to, subject, body);
});

// Start processing
await agenda.start();

// Schedule jobs
await agenda.every('5 minutes', 'send-email', { to: '[email protected]', subject: 'Hello', body: 'World' });
await agenda.schedule('in 10 minutes', 'send-email', { to: '[email protected]', subject: 'Hi', body: 'There' });

Configuration Options

import { PostgresBackend } from '@agendajs/postgres-backend';

const backend = new PostgresBackend({
  // PostgreSQL connection string (required unless pool/poolConfig is provided)
  connectionString: 'postgresql://user:pass@localhost:5432/mydb',

  // Or use pool configuration (creates a new pool)
  poolConfig: {
    host: 'localhost',
    port: 5432,
    database: 'mydb',
    user: 'user',
    password: 'pass',
    max: 20 // max pool size
  },

  // Table name for jobs (default: 'agenda_jobs')
  tableName: 'agenda_jobs',

  // Channel name for LISTEN/NOTIFY (default: 'agenda_jobs')
  channelName: 'agenda_jobs',

  // Name to identify this Agenda instance (stored as lastModifiedBy)
  name: 'worker-1',

  // Whether to create the table and indexes on connect (default: true)
  ensureSchema: true,

  // Sort order for job queries
  sort: {
    nextRunAt: 'asc',
    priority: 'desc'
  }
});

Using an Existing Pool

If your application already has a PostgreSQL connection pool, you can pass it directly. The pool will not be closed when Agenda disconnects:

import { Pool } from 'pg';
import { PostgresBackend } from '@agendajs/postgres-backend';

// Your app's existing pool
const pool = new Pool({ connectionString: 'postgresql://...' });

const backend = new PostgresBackend({ pool });

// After agenda.stop(), your pool is still usable

How It Works

Storage

The backend stores jobs in a PostgreSQL table with the following structure:

• id - UUID primary key
• name - Job name
• priority - Job priority (higher = more urgent)
• next_run_at - When the job should run next
• type - Job type ('normal' or 'single')
• locked_at - Lock timestamp for distributed execution
• data - JSONB payload for job data
• And other metadata fields...

Real-Time Notifications

Unlike MongoDB, PostgreSQL has built-in pub/sub via LISTEN/NOTIFY. When a job is saved, a notification is published to all listening Agenda instances, triggering immediate job processing without waiting for the next poll interval.

This means:

• Lower latency for job execution
• Reduced database polling overhead
• Efficient cross-process coordination

Distributed Locking

The backend uses PostgreSQL's FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED to atomically lock jobs for processing, preventing duplicate execution across multiple Agenda instances.

Database Indexes

When ensureSchema: true (default), the following indexes are created:

-- Main index for finding and locking next job
CREATE INDEX agenda_jobs_find_and_lock_idx
  ON agenda_jobs (name, next_run_at, priority DESC, locked_at, disabled)
  WHERE disabled = FALSE;

-- Index for single jobs (upsert operations)
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX agenda_jobs_single_job_idx
  ON agenda_jobs (name) WHERE type = 'single';

-- Index for locked_at (stale lock detection)
CREATE INDEX agenda_jobs_locked_at_idx
  ON agenda_jobs (locked_at) WHERE locked_at IS NOT NULL;

-- Index for next_run_at queries
CREATE INDEX agenda_jobs_next_run_at_idx
  ON agenda_jobs (next_run_at) WHERE next_run_at IS NOT NULL;

Job Logging

PostgresBackend includes a built-in PostgresJobLogger that stores structured job lifecycle events in a dedicated table (agenda_logs by default). The logger is lightweight and only creates its table on first use.

Automatic Usage

When you enable logging in Agenda, the backend's built-in logger is used automatically:

const agenda = new Agenda({
  backend: new PostgresBackend({ connectionString: 'postgresql://...' }),
  logging: true  // Uses PostgresJobLogger automatically
});

Standalone Usage

You can also use PostgresJobLogger independently — for example, to log to PostgreSQL while using a different backend for storage:

import { PostgresJobLogger } from '@agendajs/postgres-backend';
import { Pool } from 'pg';

const logger = new PostgresJobLogger({
  pool: new Pool({ connectionString: 'postgresql://...' }),
  logTableName: 'agenda_logs'       // Optional: table name (default: 'agenda_logs')
});

// Use with any backend
import { MongoBackend } from '@agendajs/mongo-backend';
const agenda = new Agenda({
  backend: new MongoBackend({ mongo: db }),
  logging: logger
});

See the Agenda README for full logging documentation.

Manual Schema Management

If you prefer to manage the schema yourself (set ensureSchema: false):

import { getCreateTableSQL, getCreateIndexesSQL } from '@agendajs/postgres-backend';

const tableName = 'agenda_jobs';

// Create table
await pool.query(getCreateTableSQL(tableName));

// Create indexes
for (const sql of getCreateIndexesSQL(tableName)) {
  await pool.query(sql);
}

Testing

Tests require a PostgreSQL database. The easiest way is to use Docker:

# Start PostgreSQL container and run tests
pnpm test:docker

# Or manually:
pnpm docker:up        # Start PostgreSQL container
pnpm test:postgres    # Run tests
pnpm docker:down      # Stop container

You can also use an existing PostgreSQL database:

POSTGRES_TEST_URL=postgresql://user:pass@localhost:5432/agenda_test pnpm test

Available Scripts

Requirements

• Node.js >= 18.0.0
• PostgreSQL >= 12 (for gen_random_uuid() support)
• Agenda >= 6.0.0

License

MIT